Sudan has been engulfed in a socio-political conflict since the ousting of former President Omar al-Bashir in 2019. With various factions of the military fighting each other for control, the country is facing a severe threat to its fragile transition to democracy and future stability. The conflict has led to rampant human rights abuses and atrocities committed by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) militia, a paramilitary group led by General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, also known as Hemedti. The RSF’s full control of the neighborhoods in the Sudanese capital of Khartoum has resulted in lawlessness and general insecurity, with reports of looting and harassment.
The United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia have supported the military council and hosted peace talks, with the most recent agreement being the Declaration of Principles, which aims to protect civilians, enable humanitarian access and remove forces from civilian areas. However, with tensions escalating and the threat of a civil war looming, the path to peace and stability in Sudan remains uncertain.
One of the main points of contention is Ethiopia’s construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, which Egypt and Sudan argue threatens their water supplies and rights over the Nile. Sudan, Ethiopia, and Egypt are set to present draft proposals for the management of the dam, with negotiations being the only way to resolve the issue. While Ethiopia sees the dam as a way to alleviate poverty and provide energy, Egypt and Sudan remain unconvinced that their vital water needs will not be impacted.
The path to peace and stability in Sudan requires all parties, both internal and external, to come to the table with a willingness to compromise and find a solution that benefits all parties involved. The human cost of the conflict is too high to ignore, and the continued destabilization of the region threatens to impact neighboring countries as well. An end to violence and a lasting ceasefire must be the priority for all parties involved in this conflict.
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